Sharing skit info pasal Placenta Previa bagi sesapa yg berminat nak tau....
Source:
http://brochures.mater.org.au/Home/Brochures/Mater-Private-Hospital-Redland/Antepartum-Haemorrhage
Saya dah turun pangkat.. last month Type 3.. skang Type 2 .. alhamdulillah... tapi still kene duk wad smp bersalin.. huhuhu..
Source:
http://www.healthline.com/health/placenta-previa#Overview1
Part 1 of 8: Overview
Placenta Previa
The placenta develops in a woman’s uterus during pregnancy. This
sac-like structure provides the developing baby with food and oxygen. It
also removes waste products from the baby’s blood. The placenta is
also referred to as “afterbirth,” for it exits the body after the baby
is born.
During pregnancy, the placenta moves as the uterus stretches and
grows. It is very normal for the placenta to be low in the uterus in
early pregnancy. But as the pregnancy continues, the placenta typically
moves to the top of the uterus. By the third trimester, the placenta
should be near the top of the womb, so the cervix has a clear path for
delivery. If the placenta attaches to the lower part of the uterus, it
can cover part or all of the cervix (the entrance to the womb). When the
placenta covers part or all of the cervix during the last months of
pregnancy, this is a condition known as placenta previa, or low-lying
placenta. This condition can cause severe bleeding before or during
labor.
There are four types of placenta previa, ranging from minor to major
(in which the placenta is covering the entire opening of the cervix).
Depending on the type, a woman with placenta previa may need to have a
Cesarean (C-section) delivery. Most women with this condition will
require bed rest.
Part 2 of 8: Symptoms
Symptoms Associated with Placenta Previa
The main symptom is sudden light to heavy bleeding from the vagina, but
if any of the symptoms below occur, you should seek immediate medical attention:
- cramps
- bleeding that starts, stops, and begins again days or weeks later
- bleeding after intercourse
- bleeding during the second half of pregnancy
Part 3 of 8: Risk Factors
Risk Factors for Developing Placenta Previa
Risk factors for the development of placenta previa include the following:
- baby is in an unusual position: breech (buttocks first) or transverse (lying horizontally across the womb)
- Previous surgeries that involve the uterus: C-section, surgery to remove uterine fibroids, Dilation and curettage (D&C)
- pregnant with twins or other multiples
- prior miscarriage
- large placenta
- abnormally shaped uterus
- have already had one child
- prior diagnosis of placenta previa
- older than 35
- Asian
- smoker
Part 4 of 8: Diagnosis
How Is Placenta Previa Diagnosed?
Usually the first signs of placenta previa will show up during the
routine 20-week ultrasound scan. These initial signs are not necessarily
a cause for worry, since the placenta is often lower in the uterus
during the early part of a woman’s pregnancy.
The placenta usually corrects itself. In fact, only 10 percent of cases will go on to develop into full placenta previa (
RCOG).
If you experience any bleeding in the second half of your pregnancy,
doctors will monitor the position of the placenta using one of the
following preferred methods:
- transvaginal ultrasounds, in which the probe is placed inside the
vagina to provide an inside view of your vaginal canal and cervix.
This is the preferred and most accurate method for determining placenta
previa.
- Transabdominal ultrasound
- MRI (magnetic resource imaging), which will help to clearly determine the placenta’s location
Part 5 of 8: Types
Types of Placenta Previa
There are four types of placenta previa. Each will have its own
effect on whether a mother can have a normal delivery or whether she
will need a C-section. Treatment for placenta previa will also be based
on which type you have.
Partial (Type 1)
The placenta only partially covers the opening of the cervix. Vaginal birth is still possible.
Low-Lying (Type 2)
This type begins in early to mid pregnancy. Placenta is positioned
at the edge of the cervix, and there is a good chance you will be able
to have a vaginal delivery.
Marginal (Type 3)
In this type, the placenta begins to grow at the bottom of the
uterus. The placenta will normally push against the cervix but not cover
it. Since the border of the placenta is touching the internal opening
of the cervix, any overlap during labor could cause minor bleeding.
However, vaginal births are normally safe.
Major or Complete (Type 4)
This is the most serious type. In this type, the placenta will
eventually cover the entire cervix. C-sections are usually recommended,
and in severe cases, the baby may have to be delivered prematurely.
With all types, heavy or uncontrollable bleeding may necessitate an emergency C-section to protect you and your baby.
Part 6 of 8: Treatment
Treatment of Placenta Previa
Doctors will decide how to treat your placenta previa based on the
amount of bleeding, the month of your pregnancy, the baby’s health, and
the position of the placenta and the baby. The amount of bleeding,
however, is the main consideration when a doctor is making a decision
on how to treat the condition.
Minimal to No Bleeding:
For cases of placenta previa with minimal or no bleeding, your
doctor will likely suggest bed rest, which means resting in bed as much
as possible—only standing and sitting when absolutely necessary. You’ll
also be asked to avoid sex and likely exercise as well. If bleeding
occurs during this time, you should seek medical care as soon as
possible.
Heavy Bleeding:
Cases of heavy bleeding may require hospital bed rest. Depending on
the amount of blood lost, you may need blood transfusions. You may also
need to take medicine to prevent premature labor.
In the case of heavy bleeding, your doctor will advise a C-section
be scheduled as soon as it is safe to deliver—preferably after 36
weeks. If the C-section needs to be scheduled sooner, your baby may be
given corticosteroid injections to speed up his or her lung growth.
Uncontrollable Bleeding
In the case of uncontrolled bleeding, an emergency C-section will have to be performed.
Part 7 of 8: Complications
Complications of Placenta Previa
During labor, the cervix will open to allow the baby to move into
the vaginal canal for birth. If the placenta is in front of the cervix,
it will begin to separate as the cervix opens causing internal
bleeding. This can necessitate an emergency C-section, even if the baby
is premature, as the mother could bleed to death if no action is
taken. Vaginal birth also poses too many risks for the mother, who
could experience severe hemorrhaging during labor, delivery, or after
the first few hours of delivery.
Part 8 of 8: Coping and Support
Coping and Support for Expectant Mothers
A placenta previa diagnosis can cast a pall over your pregnancy. The
Mayo Clinic provides some ideas for how to cope with your condition and
how to prepare yourself for delivery:
- Get educated: The more you know, the more you
will know what to expect. Get in contact with other women who have been
through placenta previa births.
- Be prepared for your C-section: Depending on the
type of your placenta previa, you might not be able to have a vaginal
birth. It is good to remember the ultimate goal—the health of you and
your baby.
- Enjoy bed rest: If you are active, bed rest can
feel a bit confining. However, use the time wisely by catching up on
small projects like putting together a photo album or writing letters,
resting up, and reading about your upcoming lifestyle change.
- Pamper yourself: Indulge in
small pleasures. Buy a new pair of comfortable pajamas, read a good
book, or watch your favorite TV program. Keep a gratitude journal. Rely
on your circle of friends and family for conversation and support (Mayo).
